法国专利FR3027727A1 ELECTRIC ARC BREAK CHAMBER

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专利摘要:
The present invention relates to an arc-breaking chamber (1) comprising: a stack of electric arc splitting plates (2), the splitting plates (2) defining an input (10) of the breaking chamber; (1) intended to be present facing electrical contacts (22; 25) and a bottom (11) of the breaking chamber (1), and - at least one permanent magnet (5) present inside the chamber in a central zone (Zc) in the width direction of the breaking chamber (1) and the bottom side (11) thereof, the magnet (5) having a magnetization (15); ) having a non-zero component along an axis (Y) extending between the inlet (10) and the bottom (11) of the breaking chamber (1).
公开号:FR3027727A1
申请号:FR1460149
申请日:2014-10-22
公开日:2016-04-29
发明作者:Jerome Hertzog；Karine Coquil
申请人:Socomec SA；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the field of arcing chambers and devices. Low-voltage cut-off devices (U_AC5_1000V and U_DC1500V) generally make it possible to cut an electric arc in the air. The advantage of this technique vis-à-vis the vacuum cutoff, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) or in oil or vis-à-vis devices using a bipolar transistor gate (" Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor "(IGBT) is its simplicity of implementation and realization, and, consequently, its cost.
[0002] The interruption of a current on a continuous electrical network (DC) necessarily involves generating a counter-electromotive force having a higher potential than the source to be cut. This is the major difficulty of a DC cut. In the context of air-breaking techniques, the electric arc generated when the switch is opened in the air is used as a means to generate a counter-electromotive force. The main techniques for cutting air are discussed below. The technique of elongation of the arc makes it possible to lengthen and thus cool the arc when the switch is opened. This breaking principle may however not be very efficient overload. The technique of elongation and fractionation of the arc combines an elongation of the arc with a fractionation of the latter in a breaking chamber. The fractionation may not be operating according to the currents and there may be critical currents for which the arc stagnates at the entrance of the chamber. This principle has the advantage of beinghave in overload because the splitting plates support the arc and allow good cooling. The technique of elongation by magnetic blow molding implements a permanent magnet that tends to blow the magnetic arc. This magnetic blow greatly lengthens the arc and cools it effectively. However, this breaking principle can be limited for high currents because the cooling of the arc can be degraded due to a less efficient elongation at this current level. In addition, the break can be made more difficult in the field of photovoltaic (PV) installations for example, due to the use of panels of increasing voltages from year to year in order to reduce the costs of such installations. It is known in the context of these applications to connect several switches in series in order to increase the breaking capacity of the device thus obtained. This solution, however, is not entirely satisfactory. Other applications in the railway field, for example, may also require the use of devices having a high breaking capacity on a continuous electrical network and for cutting off overload voltages. It is therefore desirable to improve existing arcing devices by improving their breaking capacity. It is also desirable to provide switching devices that can be used both to split an electric arc generated after circulating a direct current or an alternating current between electrical contacts. There is therefore a need for new breaking chambers and breaking devices having improved breaking capacity. There is also a need for new cut-off devices to facilitate penetration of an electric arc into the depth of the interrupting chamber. There is still a need for new devices and breaking chambers for splitting an electric arc generated after circulating a direct current or alternating current between electrical contacts. OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION For this purpose, the invention proposes, according to a first aspect, an arc-breaking chamber comprising: a stack of electric arc splitting plates, the splitting plates defining a inlet of the breaking chamber intended to be present facing electrical contacts and a bottom of the breaking chamber, and - at least one permanent magnet present inside the breaking chamber in a central zone in the direction of the width of the breaking chamber and the bottom side thereof, the magnet having a magnetization having a non-zero component along an axis extending between the inlet and the bottom of the breaking chamber. The central zone in the direction of the width of the breaking chamber corresponds to the zone of the inside of the breaking chamber delimited by the equation planes xa = 0.25L and xb = 0.75L where L denotes the width of the breaking chamber and where xa and xb are measured along the width of the breaking chamber taking as origin one of the ends of the splitting plates. The magnet is furthermore located on the bottom side of the interrupting chamber, ie the magnet is closer to the bottom of the interrupting chamber than to the inlet of the interrupting chamber. and the magnet generates a magnetic field whose intensity increases as one moves from the input to the bottom of the interrupting chamber. The invention advantageously makes it possible to provide breaking chambers having an improved breaking capacity. In an exemplary embodiment, the magnet can be held in an electrically insulating magnet carrier. In an exemplary embodiment, the magnet support can be assembled by interlocking with one or more splitting plates.
[0003] Such a characteristic is advantageous because it makes it possible to place the magnet as close as possible to the bottom of the breaking chamber and that the magnet has a fixed position with respect to the splitting plates. In an exemplary embodiment, the interrupting chamber may further comprise a flow channel present inside the interrupting chamber. The flow channel is at least partly constituted by a magnetic piece extending towards the inlet of the interrupting chamber having for example an elongate shape. The presence of a flow channel is advantageous because it participates in the "extension" to the input of the breaking chamber of a maximum of magnetic field lines generated by the magnet. The flow channel thus makes it possible to further improve the attraction of an electric arc towards the bottom of the interrupting chamber. The flow channel can be placed next to the magnet. The flow channel can be held in the magnet holder, for example in contact with the magnet. However, as will be apparent from the description below, such a configuration is not mandatory. Preferably, the interrupting chamber may be symmetrical with respect to a plane of equation x = 0.5L where L denotes the width of the breaking chamber and where x is measured along the width L of the breaking chamber. and taking as origin one of the ends of the splitting plates. Such a configuration is advantageous because it makes it possible to have a breaking chamber whose breaking capacity is not affected by the direction by which the electric arc moves during the opening of the contacts and by the polarity of the connection of the cut-off device. This configuration is particularly advantageous in direct current because of its invariance with respect to the branching polarity of the breaking device. In an exemplary embodiment, the height of the magnet may be greater than or equal to half the height of the stack of the splitting plates. In this case, the height of the magnet may be less than or equal to or greater than the height of the stack of the splitter plates. Alternatively, the height of the magnet may be less than half the height of the stack of the splitter plates. In an exemplary embodiment, a single magnet may be present inside the interrupting chamber. Alternatively, a plurality of permanent magnets may be present within the interrupting chamber, at least one magnet of said plurality of magnets being present in the central zone in the width direction of the interrupting chamber. and on the bottom side of it. In this case, the magnets of this plurality of magnets may or may not be in contact with each other. The magnets of the plurality of magnets may or may not have the same magnetization sense. In an exemplary embodiment, most, if not all, magnets of this plurality of magnets may be present in the central zone in the width direction of the interrupting chamber and the bottom of it. In an exemplary embodiment, the interrupting chamber may comprise one or more electrically insulating electric arc guiding cheeks, the guiding cheeks being located at the entrance to the interrupting chamber and covering all or part of the ends of the splitting plates. The presence of one or more guiding cheeks is advantageous insofar as they allow the arc not to catch on the ends of the splitting plates and thus to further improve the breaking performance by increasing the elongation of the arc as well as its arc voltage. In an exemplary embodiment, the guide cheek or cheeks may be integral with the magnet support and for example made in one piece with the latter. The present invention also relates to a cut-off device comprising: - a breaking chamber as defined above, and - a contact zone in which there are present at least one fixed contact and at least one movable contact relative to the fixed contact, the contacts being able to be brought into contact and separated from one another, the fixed contact being present opposite the entry of the interrupting chamber. In an exemplary embodiment, the movable contact may be configured to rotate about a rotational axis when the contacts are separated. In an exemplary embodiment, the device may further comprise an arc horn present opposite the fixed contact, the width of the arc horn being greater than the width of the fixed contact. Due to the presence of the permanent magnet in the breaking chamber, an arc generated between the contacts will tend to have a non-zero displacement component depending on the width of the breaking chamber. Thus, for example, in the case where the moving contact is driven in a rotational movement about an axis of rotation during the separation of the contacts, the generated arc will tend to be deflected with a non-zero component according to FIG. 'rotation axis. It is therefore important that the arc horn be wider than the fixed contact so that the arc undergoing a deflection along the width of the arc chute can "catch" on the horn of the arc. bow. The implementation of an arc horn can advantageously help to fractionate the electric arc by facilitating its entry into the interrupting chamber. Indeed, the electric arc generated between the contacts has, in this case, a tendency to move from the fixed contact towards the arc horn and thus to get closer to the bottom of the breaking chamber. Another advantage related to the implementation of an arc horn is the reduction of the erosion of the fixed contact due to the arc due to a limited contact of the arc with the fixed contact. In an exemplary embodiment, the height of the arc horn may be greater than or equal to the height of the fixed contact. In an exemplary embodiment, the movable contact may be configured to rotate about an axis of rotation when the contacts are separated and a flow channel may be present within the interrupting chamber. flow pipe having a face located on the side of the contact zone which has, when the pipe is observed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, the same shape as the path traveled by the moving contact during the separation of the contacts . Such a configuration is advantageous because it makes it possible to maintain a constant distance between the flow channel and the movable contact during the separation of the contacts, which makes it possible to further improve the attraction of the arc in the interrupting chamber. In an exemplary embodiment, the device may further comprise a flow channel present inside the interrupting chamber, at least a part of the flow channel being constituted by an arc switching element present in the chamber. view of the fixed contact, the width of the arc switching element being greater than the width of the fixed contact. In an exemplary embodiment, the flow channel may comprise the arc switching element as well as an additional flow channeling element present in an electrically insulating duct support. Such configurations are advantageous because they make it possible to have both the "extension" effect towards the input of the breaking chamber of the magnetic field lines generated by the magnet as well as the the assistance to the entry of the arc in the interrupting chamber due to the implementation of the arc switching element. The device according to the invention makes it possible to cut an electric arc generated after circulation of a direct or alternating current 5 between the contacts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of an interrupting chamber according to the invention; FIG. 2 shows the breaking chamber according to FIG. 1 in the assembled state; FIG. 3 represents a sectional view of the chamber of FIG. FIG. 4 shows a cut-off device according to the invention, FIG. 5 is a 2D view of the magnetic field lines created by FIGS. 1 and 2, perpendicular to the height of the stack of the splitting plates; FIG. 1 to 3, FIGS. 6A and 6B show variant embodiments of breaking chambers according to the invention, FIGS. 7A to 7D show the implementation of a FIG. arc in a cut-off device according to the invention, and - Figures 8A and 8B show alternative embodiments of cutting chambers having a two-part flow pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of a breaking chamber 1 according to the invention. The breaking chamber 1 comprises a stack of electric arc splitting plates 2 mounted on a plate support 3. The mounting of the splitting plates 2 on the sheet support 3 makes it possible to form a rigid interrupting chamber 1.
[0004] The splitting plates 2 are for example mild steel. The sheet support 3 may, for example, be made of vulcanized cardboard. The splitting plates 2 may alternatively be directly mounted on the housing constituting the outer casing of the cut-off device. The interrupting chamber 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a plurality of stacked fractionation plates 2, for example at least three stacked fractionation sheets 2, for example at least five stacked fractionation sheets 2. The height h of the stack of the splitting plates 2 corresponds to the distance separating the two farthest splitting plates. In the illustrated example, the height h of the stack of the splitting plates 2 is measured perpendicular to the splitting plates 2. The breaking chamber 1 has an inlet 10 and a bottom 11 located on the opposite side to the inlet defined by the splitting plates 2. In addition to the splitting plates 2, a permanent magnet 5 is present inside the breaking chamber 1. This magnet 5 is, for example, NdFeB. The magnet 5 is, as illustrated, present in an electrically insulating magnet support 7 intended to be present inside the breaking chamber 1. The magnet 5 can be as illustrated in FIG. in the form of a bar. This bar may for example have a rectangular, square or circular cross section. As illustrated, the magnet 5 does not extend along the elongation planes of the splitting plates 2 but along the height h of the stack of the splitting plates 2. The magnet 5 extends, in the illustrated example, along a height ha, measured along the height h of the stack of fractionation sheets 2, greater than or equal to 50% of the height h of the stack of the fractionation sheets 2. The height ha of the magnet 5 is, for example, greater than or equal to 75% of the height h of the stack of the splitting plates, the height ha of the magnet 5 being, for example, substantially equal to the height h of the stacking of the splitting plates. The height of the magnet is not, however, limited to the configuration illustrated in FIG. 1. The magnet may, in fact, have a height greater than the height of the stack of the splitting plates. Alternatively, the magnet may have a height less than the height of the stack of the splitting plates. The magnet may, for example, have a height less than half the height of the stack of the splitting plates and, in this case, the magnet can only be present in the lower part of the breaking chamber. For example, as illustrated, a single magnet 5 is present inside the interrupting chamber 1, but it is not beyond the scope of the invention if a plurality of magnets are present inside the chamber. Cutoff 1. The magnet holder 7 is, for example, of a plastic material. A flow channel 6 is, as illustrated, placed in contact with the magnet 5 and is also housed in the magnet holder 7. The magnet 5 and the flow channel 6 are electrically isolated by the magnet holder 7. The flow channel 6 is, for example, mild steel. The flow channel may or may not have a laminated structure. The magnet support 7 comprises interlocking means 9, for example in the form of crenellations, intended to cooperate by interlocking with all or part of the splitting plates 2. The interlocking of the magnet support 7 and the metal plates splitting 2 makes it possible to make the magnet 5 fixed with respect to the splitting plates 2. Once the magnet support 7 has been fixed by means of the interlocking means 9 to the splitting plates 2, the magnet 5 is present in FIG. the inside of the breaking chamber 1 on the bottom side of the breaking chamber 1 and in the central zone Zc in the width direction of the breaking chamber 1 as illustrated in FIG. 3. FIG. sectional section of the cutting chamber of Figures 1 and 2 perpendicular to the height of the stack of the splitting plates 2. The splitting plates 2 have, as illustrated, a V-shaped when observed in a direction perpendicular to their plan of el ongation. The splitting plates may, alternatively, have another shape such as a U-shape when viewed in a direction perpendicular to their elongation plane. FIG. 3 shows the depth p of the breaking chamber 10, which corresponds to the distance between the inlet 10 of the breaking chamber 1 and the bottom 11 of the breaking chamber 1, measured perpendicular to the height h of the 2 is also shown the width L of the chamber of the breaking chamber 1, the width L being measured perpendicular to the height h of the stack of the splitting plates 2 and perpendicular to the depth p of the breaking chamber 1. Unless otherwise mentioned, the width L of the breaking chamber 1 corresponds to the internal width of the cutting chamber measured between the ends 2a and 2b of the splitting plates 2. The magnetization M of the magnet 5 (shown by the arrow 15 in FIGS. 1 and 3) has a non-zero component along an axis Y extending between the inlet 10 and the bottom 11 of the interrupting chamber (also called the chamber depth axis Y). cutoff 1). In particular, the magnetization M may be included in the plane of elongation of the splitting plates 2. The magnetization M may be directed substantially only along the Y axis of the depth of the breaking chamber 1. There is shown a magnetization M directed towards the inlet 10 of the breaking chamber 1 but it is not beyond the scope of the invention when the magnetization is directed towards the bottom 11 of the breaking chamber 1. The magnet 5 is as shown in a zone central Zc in the direction of the width of the breaking chamber 1. In other words, the magnet 5 is present in an area delimited by the Pa and Pb planes of respective equation xa = 0.25L and xb = 0.75L where L denotes the width of the breaking chamber 1 and where xa and xb are measured along the width L of the breaking chamber 1 and taking as origin one of the ends 2a or 2b of the splitting plates 2. The magnet can for example, to be present in a delimited area imitated by the respective Pa and Pb equations xa = 0.40L and xb = 0.60L. The magnet 5 is furthermore located on the bottom side 11 of the interrupting chamber, that is to say that it is closer to the bottom 11 of the breaking chamber 1 than to the inlet 10 of the the breaking chamber 1. In other words, the magnet 5 is present in an area delimited by the planes P'a and P'b of the respective equation y = 0.5p and 'lb = p where p denotes the depth of the breaking chamber 1 and where 'ta and' lb are measured along the depth of the breaking chamber 1 and taking as origin one of the ends 2a or 2b of the splitting plates 2. The magnet 5 can, for example, be present in an area delimited by the planes P'a and VI) of the respective equation 'la = 0.7P and Yb = P. In particular, the magnet 5 does not extend along the lateral edges 10a and 10b In addition, the magnet 5 is, in the example illustrated, entirely located in the central zone Zc and on the bottom side 11 of the breaking chamber 1. FIG. n cutoff device 20 according to the invention comprising a breaking chamber 1 as described in connection with Figures 1 to 3. The cutoff device 20 shown in Figure 4 is a rotary cutting knife, double cut. The cut-off device 20 comprises a contact zone 21 in which movable contacts 22 present on compensation plates 23 can be brought into contact and separated from a fixed contact head 25 which is secured to a fixed support 26. contact head 25 and the fixed support 26 form a fixed subassembly for connecting the cut-off device 20 in an electrical installation. The contact head 25 may be formed of a metallic material, for example copper. When the movable contacts 22 are in contact with the contact head 25 a current can flow between these elements. When the movable contacts 22 are separated from the contact head 25 a current can not flow between these elements. The outer casing of the cut-off device 20 is formed by a casing 28 corresponding to the union of two half-casings. FIG. 4 also shows the electric arc 30 formed between the movable contacts 22 and the contact head 25 during the separation of these elements. In non-illustrated embodiments, it is possible to use a pressure cut-off device or a single-cut device with pressure or sliding contact. It is still possible to use a device with cut-off knife. FIG. 5 shows a 2D view of the magnetic field lines created by the magnet in a breaking chamber 1 as described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. This 2D view is a sectional view perpendicular to the height of the stacking of the splitting plates 2. With a view to improving the readability of the figure, only a few field lines have been represented. The intensity of the magnetic field generated by the magnet 5 increases as one moves from the inlet 10 of the breaking chamber 1 to the bottom 11 of the breaking chamber 1 (the magnetic field lines become narrower).
[0005] We will now describe the effect of such a breaking chamber 1 on an electric arc formed in a contact zone located opposite the inlet 10 of the interrupting chamber 1. The interrupting chamber illustrated makes it possible to perform a electric arc cut in the air. In FIG. 5: the arrows denoted denote the local magnetic field induced by the magnet 5 on the electric arc, the arrows denoted denote the Laplace force which is exerted on the arc due to the magnetic field of the magnet 5 (F_Laplace_airnant = x B). F_Laplace_magnet increases the more the arc enters the breaking chamber 1, and the direction of the current in the electric arc is directed towards the bottom of the sheet as shown in Figure 5. At time t1, the arc is present between the fixed and movable contacts opposite the input 10 of the breaking chamber 1. Two initial positions are possible: to the right or left of the plane of symmetry P, according to the instant of appearance of the first arc when separating the contacts. The breaking chamber 1 is symmetrical with respect to the plane P of equation x = 0.5L where, as explained above, L denotes the width of the breaking chamber 1 and x is measured along the width L of the chamber 1 by taking as origin one of the ends 2a or 2b of the splitting plates 2. Once such a breaking chamber is integrated in a breaking device as described below, the plane P can cross the contact zone in which the fixed contact is present. The arc is then deflected to another position because of the application of the Laplace force produced by the magnetic field generated by the magnet 5 (see position t2). As mentioned above, it is observed that the arc is, between the position t1 and the position t2, deflected with a non-zero displacement component according to the width of the breaking chamber (non-zero component along the axis of rotation of the contact mobile when a rotating movable contact is used) due to the presence of the permanent magnet 5 in the breaking chamber 1. The arc then enters the breaking chamber 1 (see positions t3 and t4) and is accelerated in the breaking chamber 1 in particular between the positions t3 and t4. The elongation of the arc advantageously makes it possible to increase the voltage of the arc before its splitting in the breaking chamber 1. The magnet 5 can be configured to accelerate the arc over at least 50% of the depth p of the breaking chamber 1. Once the arc has penetrated into the breaking chamber 1, the arc is animated mainly by the depth of the breaking chamber 1 as illustrated in FIG. 5.
[0006] At time t5, the arc reaches the splitting plates 2 and is split in the breaking chamber 1. This splitting makes it possible to stabilize the arc as well as to cool it. Cooling further increases the impedance of the arc, generating even more arc voltage. The arc undergoes, in addition, another force than the Laplace force due to the magnetic field of the magnet 5, this other force is produced due to the presence of the splitting plates (swallowing U effect of the splitting plates). This force has not been shown in Figure 5 but adds to the force produced by the magnet and also contributes to the displacement of the arc.
[0007] The dashed curve 40 corresponds to the trajectory of movement of the electric arc during its deflection and attraction by the breaking chamber 1. As illustrated, the Laplace force exerted on the arc due to the presence of the magnet 5 makes it possible to deflect the arc towards the bottom 11 of the breaking chamber 1 and towards the central zone Zc in the width direction of the breaking chamber 1. The breaking chamber according to the invention can be used to realize the cut-off of a direct current ("DC") or alternating current ("AC"). The breaking chamber according to the invention can be used in the field of low voltage (U_AC1000V and U_DC5.1500V), as in the field of medium voltage (U_AC..50 000V and U_DC5_75 000V). FIGS. 6A and 6B show embodiments of breaking chambers according to the invention. In the variants illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the breaking chamber 1 comprises a plurality of electric arc guiding cheeks 50.
[0008] These guide cheeks 50 are formed of an electrically insulating material and are located at the inlet 10 of the breaking chamber 1 and cover all or part of the ends 2a and 2b of the splitting plates 2. As explained above , the guide cheeks 50 allow the arc not to cling to the ends 2a and 2b of the splitter plates 2 and thus to improve the breaking performance. The dotted curve 40 corresponds to the trajectory of an electric arc in such a breaking chamber. As illustrated, by using an interrupting chamber 1 comprising guide cheeks 50, the arc does not catch on the ends 2a and 2b of the splitting plates and is drawn towards the bottom 11 of the breaking chamber 1 towards a zone Z of fractionation. In the variant illustrated in FIG. 6B, the guide cheeks 50 are integral with the magnet support 7 and for example formed in one piece with the latter. FIG. 7A shows the use of an arc horn 60 that can be used in a cut-off device 20 according to the invention, which makes it possible to facilitate the entry of the electric arc into the breaking chamber 1. The arc horn 60 is placed facing the contact head 25 on the fixed support 26 at the inlet 10 of the breaking chamber 1. The arc horn 60 is fixed to the fixed support 26 by a mechanical connection. The horn 15 of arc 60 comprises a tab 61 and an arc switching portion 62. The arc horn is made of an electrically conductive material, for example a metallic material, for example steel. The tab 61 is in the illustrated example in contact with the fixed support 26 but it is not beyond the scope of the invention when the arc horn 60 is not in contact with the fixed support 26 but is fixed to In the latter case, the distance separating the arc horn 60 from the fixed support 26 may, for example, be less than or equal to 1 mm. An electric arc generated from the movable contacts 22 is adapted to move on the arc switching portion 62. Such a displacement on the switching portion 62 facilitates entry of the arc into the interrupting chamber. 1. The arc horn 60 further comprises a fixed surface 64 corresponding to the surface of the tab 61 located on the side opposite to the fixed support 26. In the example illustrated, the height of the arc horn hc ( corresponding to the height at which the end 63 of the switching portion 62 is present) is greater than the height ht of the contact head. The heights hc and ht are measured from the surface S of the fixed support 26 opposite which the arc horn is present and perpendicular to this surface S. In variants not shown, the height of the arcuate horn may be equal or less than the height of the contact head. As illustrated in FIG. 7B, the width Lc of the arc horn 60 is greater than the width Lt of the contact head 25. This characteristic is important because, in the example illustrated, during the separation of the contacts, the generated arc will tend to be deflected with a non-zero component along the axis of rotation of the moving contact due to the presence of the permanent magnet 5. The use of an arc horn 60 wide thus allows the deflected arc along the axis of rotation can "hang" on the arc horn 60. In the illustrated example, after the generation of the arc following the opening of the contacts, the arc is first deflected along the axis of rotation of the moving contact (axial deflection) and the arc is then deflected according to the depth of the breaking chamber (radial deviation). Unless otherwise indicated, the widths Lc and Lt of the arc horn and the contact head are measured perpendicular to their height and when the entrance to the face-cutting chamber is observed. After the contacts have been opened, the arc 30 switches to the switching portion 62 (the arc goes from the configuration A to the configuration B, see FIG. 7C). With a floating arc horn, another series arc can be created between the fixed support and the arc horn, either just behind the contact head or between the bracket and the fixed bracket. In all cases, the use of an arc horn 60 makes it possible, by the displacement of the arc 30 in configuration B, to favor the entry of the arc 30 into the breaking chamber 1. The presence of an arc horn thus improves the breaking performance by a faster arc voltage increase and therefore a faster cut. After this switching of the arc 30 on the arc horn 60, the movable contacts 22 continue their opening movement and the arc extends into the breaking chamber 1. This temporal evolution of the shape of the arc is shown in Figure 7D which will now be described. The arc 30 is first in the B2 configuration, that is to say it is present between the switching portion 62 and the movable contacts 22. The arc 30 then goes into the configuration C in FIG. which it is present in the breaking chamber 1 and is drawn towards the bottom 11 of the chamber 1 by the superposition of the Laplace force resulting from the magnetic field of the magnet and the Laplace force resulting from its own geometry, its own current (loop effect) and the surrounding magnetic parts (U effect Swallowing the splitting plates 302 7 72 7 16 2). The more the arc 30 enters the chamber 1 and the more it is attracted towards the bottom 11 of the breaking chamber 1, because the intensity of the Laplace forces that apply to it increases. Such an evolution is materialized by the arc represented in configuration D in FIG. 7D. The arc then clings to the splitting plates 2 at the bottom of the interrupting chamber (configuration E). Then, the Laplace force pushes the arc to switch from the end 63 of the switching portion 62 to the fixed surface 64, so that the arc clings to the splitting plates 2, which makes it possible to stabilize it in FIG. 7A illustrates, in addition, another advantageous feature of the present invention. In the example illustrated in FIG. 7A, the movable contact 22 rotates about an axis of rotation when the contacts 22 and 25 are separated. In this case, the axis of rotation is perpendicular to the plane of the sheet. The flow channel 6, present inside the breaking chamber 1, has a face F located on the side of the contact zone 21 which, when the pipe 6 is observed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, the same shape as the path C traversed by the movable contact 22 during the separation of the contacts 22 and 25, that is to say a shape of an arc of a circle. As explained above, such a configuration advantageously makes it possible to further improve the attraction of the arc in the interrupting chamber. As mentioned above, the arc horn helps to assist in splitting the electric arc by facilitating its approach to the bottom of the arc chamber. FIGS. 8A and 8B show an alternative embodiment in which the breaking chamber 1 comprises a two-part flow channel 80 present inside thereof. The flow channel 80 has a first portion consisting of an electrically conductive arc switching element 82 and a second portion constituted by an additional flow channeling element 81 present in an electrically insulative duct support 70. The magnet 5 is, in the illustrated example, housed in the channel holder 70. In the example shown, the magnet 5 is mounted from the bottom of the support 70. The support 70 provides protection for the magnet vis-à-vis the electric arc. The magnet 5 can thus be housed in the channeling support 70 (as described in connection with FIGS. 8A and 8B) or in the magnet support 7, as for example described with reference to FIG. 1. The switching element arc 82 is, as illustrated, present opposite the fixed contact 25 and has a width L greater than the width Lt of the fixed contact 25. The width Le is measured in the same manner as described above for the widths Lt and Le . As explained above for the arc horn, the fact that the switching element 82 is wider than the fixed contact head 25 will allow an electric arc generated between the contacts 22 and 25 to switch on the switch element. Arc switching 82. The flow channel 80 advantageously makes it possible in the illustrated example to perform both the flux channeling function and the arc switching aid function. This system therefore allows the arc to switch on the arc switching element 82 because of its attraction in the breaking chamber 1 by the effect of the magnetic field generated by the magnet 5. As illustrated, the arc 30 moves from the fixed contact head 25 to the arc switching element 82. The arc then definitively switches to the breaking chamber 1 and is split as detailed above. The implementation of such a two-part flow pipe 80 has the advantages described above for the arc horn in terms of the attraction of the arc in the breaking chamber and the reduction of the erosion of the arc. contact head due to the arc. In the same manner as described above, in the example illustrated in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the flow channel 80 has a face F located on the side of the contact zone which has, when the duct 80 is observed in a perpendicular plane. to the axis of rotation of the movable contact 22, the same shape as the path C traversed by the movable contact 22 during the separation of the contacts 22 and 25.
[0009] The expression "comprising / containing / including a" should be understood as "containing / containing / including at least one". The expression "understood between ... and ..." or "from ... to" must be understood as including boundaries.

权利要求:
Claims (15)
[0001]
REVENDICATIONS1. Arc-breaking chamber (1) comprising: - a stack of electric arc splitting plates (2), the splitting plates (2) defining an input (10) of the breaking chamber (1) for be present facing electrical contacts (22; 25) and a bottom (11) of the interrupting chamber (1), and - at least one permanent magnet (5) present inside the interrupting chamber (1) in a central zone (Zc) in the width direction of the interrupting chamber (1) and the bottom side (11) thereof, the magnet (5) having a magnetization (15) having a non-component zero along an axis (Y) extending between the inlet (10) and the bottom (11) of the interrupting chamber (1).
[0002]
2. Chamber (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnet (5) is held in a magnet carrier (7) insulating electricity.
[0003]
3. Chamber (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the magnet support (7) is assembled together with one or more splitting plates (2).
[0004]
4. Chamber (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises a flow channel (6; 80) present inside the interrupting chamber (1). .
[0005]
5. Chamber (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the flow channel (6) is held in the magnet holder.
[0006]
6. Chamber (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a single magnet (5) is present inside the interrupting chamber (1).
[0007]
7. Chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a plurality of permanent magnets are present inside the interrupting chamber, at least one magnet of said plurality of magnets being present in the central zone (Zc) in the direction of the width of the interrupting chamber (1) and the bottom side (11) thereof.
[0008]
8. Chamber (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises one or more cheeks (50) electrically insulating electric arc guiding, the cheeks (50) guiding being located at the inlet (10) of the interrupting chamber (1) and covering all or part of the ends (2a, 2b) of the splitting plates (2).
[0009]
9. Chamber (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it is symmetrical with respect to a plane (P) of equation x = 0.5L where L denotes the width of the chamber of cutoff (1) and where x is measured along the width L of the breaking chamber (1) and taking as origin one of the ends (2a, 2b) of the splitting plates (2).
[0010]
10. Cut-off device (20) comprising: - an interrupting chamber (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and - a contact zone (21) in which at least one fixed contact is present (25) and at least one movable contact (22) with respect to the fixed contact (25), the contacts (22; 25) being contactable and separated from one another, the fixed contact (25) being present opposite the inlet (10) of the interrupting chamber (1).
[0011]
11. Device (20) according to claim 10, characterized in that it further comprises an arc horn (60; 60 ') present opposite the fixed contact (25), the width Lc of the arc horn being greater than the width Lt of the fixed contact (25).
[0012]
12. Device (20) according to claim 11, characterized in that the height hc of the arc horn (60; 60 ') is greater than or equal to the height ht of the fixed contact (25).
[0013]
13. Device (20) according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the movable contact (22) is configured to perform a rotational movement about an axis of rotation when the contacts (22; 25) are separated and in that a flow channel (6; 80) is present inside the interrupting chamber (1), the flow channel (6; 80) having a face (F) located on the the contact zone (21) which, when the duct (6; 80) is observed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, has the same shape as the path (C) traversed by the movable contact (22) when the the separation of the contacts (22; 25).
[0014]
14. Device (20) according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that it further comprises a flow channel (80) present inside the breaking chamber (1), a at least part of the flow channel (80) being constituted by an arc switching element (82) present opposite the fixed contact (25), the width Le of the arc switching element (82) being greater than to the width Lt of the fixed contact (25).
[0015]
15. Device (20) according to claim 14, characterized in that the flow channel (80) comprises the arc switching element (82) and an additional flow channeling element (81) present in a support of a duct (70) insulating electricity.

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同族专利:

公开号 | 公开日

ES2750663T3|2020-03-26|

US20170309417A1|2017-10-26|

US10242814B2|2019-03-26|

CN107112153B|2019-08-09|

EP3210224A1|2017-08-30|

WO2016062959A1|2016-04-28|

FR3027727B1|2016-12-09|

EP3210224B1|2019-07-24|

CN107112153A|2017-08-29|

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FR2916571B1|2007-05-22|2009-09-11|Schneider Electric Ind Sas|CUTTING CHAMBER AND CIRCUIT BREAKER EQUIPPED WITH SUCH CUTTING CHAMBER|

EP2463876A1|2010-12-07|2012-06-13|Eaton Industries GmbH|Switch with arcing chamber|

US8222983B2|2010-12-08|2012-07-17|Eaton Corporation|Single direct current arc chamber, and bi-directional direct current electrical switching apparatus employing the same|

US8866034B2|2011-04-14|2014-10-21|Carling Technologies, Inc.|Arc runner with integrated current path that develops a magnetic field to boost arc movement towards splitter plates|

US20130011265A1|2011-07-05|2013-01-10|Alstom Technology Ltd.|Chevron platform turbine vane|

JP5784404B2|2011-07-29|2015-09-24|オリンパス株式会社|Image processing apparatus, image processing method, and image processing program|

US8847096B2|2012-09-05|2014-09-30|Eaton Corporation|Single direct current arc chute, and bi-directional direct current electrical switching apparatus employing the same|

DE102012112202A1|2012-12-13|2014-06-18|Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg|Polarity-independent switching device for conducting and separating direct currents|PL3389067T3|2017-04-11|2020-06-01|Microelettrica Scientifica S.P.A.|High speed circuit breaker for industrial and railways applications|

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CN109360755B|2018-11-26|2021-04-27|北京人民电器厂有限公司|Arc extinguishing mechanism and direct current circuit breaker|

CN110120285B|2019-06-12|2020-03-31|西南交通大学|Arc extinguishing device for arcing horn|

KR20210115585A|2020-03-13|2021-09-27|엘에스일렉트릭|Arc extinguish part and air circuit breaker include the same|

法律状态:
2015-08-05| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |

2016-04-29| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20160429 |

2016-08-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |

2017-07-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |

2018-08-01| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |

2019-09-05| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |

2021-07-09| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20210605 |

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

FR1460149A|FR3027727B1|2014-10-22|2014-10-22|ELECTRIC ARC BREAK CHAMBER|FR1460149A| FR3027727B1|2014-10-22|2014-10-22|ELECTRIC ARC BREAK CHAMBER|

PCT/FR2015/052806| WO2016062959A1|2014-10-22|2015-10-20|Electric arc-control device|

CN201580069654.2A| CN107112153B|2014-10-22|2015-10-20|Arc extinction room|

EP15791326.0A| EP3210224B1|2014-10-22|2015-10-20|Electric arc-control device|

ES15791326T| ES2750663T3|2014-10-22|2015-10-20|Arc Flash Cutting Chamber|

US15/521,373| US10242814B2|2014-10-22|2015-10-20|Electric arc extinction chamber|

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